Categories of Nonverbal Communication
- Facial expressions are used universally in communication as a way to show interest or investment in another person. These expressions include smiling, frowning, furrowing the brow and wrinkling the nose. Most facial expressions mean the same thing across different cultures, such as the expressions for happiness, anger and surprise.
- Posture and bodily movements can tell you many things about a person. The way you walk and sit communicates to others about your mental or emotional state and can change the way people perceive you. Other types of bodily movements include your bearing and small movements, such as tapping fingers or playing with jewelry. Playing with jewelry can indicate nervousness while tapping a finger can indicate impatience or lack of focus.
- Eye contact is an important nonverbal communication tool that allows you to determine the interest of another person in a conversation by giving you a way to gauge reactions and responses. The way a person looks or doesn't look at you can tell you about his levels of interest, attraction, anger, hostility or involvement in the conversation. Generally, if a person looks you in the eyes as you're speaking, he is showing involvement and investment in your conversation.
- How close or far away a person stands from you communicates her feelings of intimacy, aggression or dominance. The amount of space that is left between two people communicating varies between cultures and situations. A person may stand close to show affection or to appear intimidating, or she might stand farther away if she is uncomfortable or disinterested in the conversation.
- As you talk to someone, his vocal tone and volume communicate subtle feelings and allow the other person to come to a deeper understanding of what he truly means. Although the voice is used during this form of nonverbal communication, vocal sounds are different from verbal communication and are not considered by nonverbal communication experts to be a part of verbal communication. Nonverbal vocal tones can include the pitch, rhythm, volume and inflection of a person's voice. A person who states, "I am not angry," in a loud, aggressive voice is giving nonverbal clues about how he really feels: angry.
- A person who speaks in an animated fashion might use gestures in her daily communications. Gestures are another nonverbal method of communication that can express feelings and intentions. Interpretations of gestures vary by culture and can be offensive, friendly or aggressive. Some types of gestures include waving hands, pointing at people or objects and offensive signals.
Facial Expressions
Posture and Body Movement
Eye Contact
Physical Space
Vocal Range
Gestures
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