Falls among elderly has become a growing concern as it often comes with other complication such as bones fractures and in some serious cases, may lead to death.
It is common to notice that in MRT train stations; there have been warning signs near almost every elevator which states that out of 10 people who fell from the elevator, 8 of which are elderly.
This also show the current statistics and issue which we aim to address.
As falls are a major cause of fracture, along with fragile bones, there have been many exercise research which concentrated on fall prevention.
Given that someone who is having osteoporosis, fall prevention should be a major concern and priority in the planning of exercise program.
Fortunately, falls is not inevitable among elderly and there is much which we can do for ourselves.
Prevention is always better than cure and numerous research studies have given us a pretty good insight on the different types and quantity of exercise that will help to reduce falls, especially among the elderly.
We need to bear in mind, that although falls can have many causes, engaging in exercise may be only one of many other steps which we can adopt for reducing fall risk.
Research had shown for certain that having certain physical attributes such as weak legs, poor muscles, poor balance and stability and also having difficult locomotion, which is also known as gait tend to make one much more likely to fall as compared to someone who is strong, stable, and more agile.
Since strength, muscle mass, gait, balance and stability are all closely interlinked; therefore many of the exercises intervention programs discussed will include strengthening exercise along with balance and stability training.
Engaging in resistance training programs are largely successful at increasing muscle mass and significantly increasing muscle strength in people who are relatively weak to begin with and will also help to bring out improvements in their core balance and gait.
Engaging in resistance training alone or coupled with additional balance and stability training has been shown to help reduce falls.
However, research studies of exercise that only focused on balance itself, without engaging in resistance training exercise, in general did not help much in preventing falls.
All these studies underscore the importance of having strong muscles for fall prevention.
(Kerri Winters-Stone, PHD, 2005) While there are many recommendations for different resistance exercises and strength training programs, Tai Chi has been considered as one exercise to be very effective in helping individual to build their core strength, especially in the lower extremities and promote functional stability so as to reduce the risk of falls and is especially beneficial for the elderly to engage in.
In one of the research, it has shown that Tai Chi can help to prevent a decline in functional balance and gait among older people (Mau-Roung, Lin et al.
, 2006).
There is also some evidence that balance training using Tai Chi, can reduce falls in elderly by around one third.
(Wolf, SL et al.
, 1993) In another research, results have shown that Tai Chi had most benefit in preventing several falls.
(Cambell, AJ et al.
, 1997) From the above research, we can observe that Tai Chi in particular do help in strengthening of the muscles and core balance which helps to reduce fall risks.
In another one of the research done, there were statistically significant differences in changes in balance favoring the Tai Chi group on five of six balance tests.
This has led to the conclusion in this research that participation in weekly practices of Tai Chi classes for 16 weeks can help to prevent falls in relatively healthy elderly.
(Voukelatos Alexander, MA (Psychol) et al.
, 2007) While much research has been proven on Tai Chi as an effective exercise in preventing fall, we shall now take a closer analysis as to exactly why practicing Tai Chi is able to achieve these desired results.
Taichi provides a good form of weight bearing exercise, since it emphasizes a lot on the weight transfer of the body natural weight.
In Tai Chi, you perform a series of slow, rhythmic and graceful controlled body movements while your body remains erect and anatomically aligned.
By doing so, we activate the agonist/ antagonist/ synergist muscles in the correct firing sequence to support body mass in the direction of gravity.
Muscle operating eccentrically create stress on the bone; the phenomenon of resistance training.
Hence, Tai Chi provides a very good form of exercise workout as resistance training on the body.
The nature of Tai Chi movements follows that of the human biomechanics principles and anatomical alignment.
With proper postural alignment and application of human biomechanical principles, it allows Tai Chi practitioners to habitualise the correct postural alignment form and is able to positively transfer this into their daily activities.
When we discuss on the importance of balance and stability training, we are actually referring to specifically functional stability.
Tai Chi also helps to improve individual in their kinesthetic awareness and faster reaction time.
The movement patterns in Tai Chi emphasize a lot on smooth transition during weight transfer and also on maintaining stability using single leg, examples of such Tai Chi movements are "Ñ!ìË", "ìËSN" ,"ìËXOE" ,"l«Í